一、PLM定义及PLM系统核心功能

PLM(Product Life-cycle Management)，即产品生命周期管理。PLM包括：培育期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期、结束期几个阶段。产品全生命周期管理（product lifecycle management，PLM）是应用一系列业务解决方案，支持在企业内和企业间协同创建、管理、传播和应用贯穿整个产品生命周期的产品定义信息，并集成人、流程、业务系统和产品信息的一种战略业务方法。

业界权威机构对于PLM的内涵定义是：PLM不仅仅是技术，还是业务解决方案的一体化集合；协同地创建、使用、管理和分享与产品相关的智力资产；包括所有产品/工厂的定义信息，如MCAD、AEC、EDA、ALM分析、公式、规格参数、产品组、文档等，还包括所有产品/工厂的流程定义，例如与规划、设计、生产、运营、支持、报废、再循环相关的流程；PLM支持企业间协作，跨越产品和工厂的全生命周期，从概念设计到生命周期终结。

所有现代PLM系统越来越趋同，其标准功能主要包括∶（1）电子仓库管理；（2）文档和对象管理；（3）发布与变更管理；（4）产品结构管理；（5）配置管理；（6）零部件管理；（7）浏览、批注及图像服务；（8）分类和检索；（9）项目管理；（10）系统管理、配置和定制工具。

通常PLM系统擅长处理数据文件和数据库记录，如产品配置、零件定义和设计数据、技术参数表、CAD图形。借助于PLM系统的外挂功能可实现企业内的协同；大多数PLM系统可连接邮件服务器为用户提供消息服务；PLM系统一般支持项目管理功能；大多数情况PLM系统支持流程和工作流管理。

二、PLM系统与ERP、SCRM、CRM等系统的区别

PLM不同于ERP、SCRM、CRM等 其他信息化系统，PLM系统是面向产品创新、知识库管理和流程优化的一种信息系统，管理企业的无形资产，采用知识驱动的设计方法来提高产品质量，把产品知识作为企业战略财富加以对待和充分利用，突出可持续发展的战略思想，支持连续创新，充分利用企业的“知识”资产，提高产品的研发速度和反应的敏捷程度。

PLM与ERP、SCRM、CRM之间是协同关系。利用PLM提供的服务，尤其在复杂产品如装备制造业，ERP等本身的价值能更好地得到体现。现有的企业信息系统，如ERP等与PLM之间并不能相互替代。相反，它们之间不论在技术层面还是实施层面都构成了协同关系。PLM对整个协同过程起调配作用，其他的信息系统是支撑基础。

PLM系统完全支持在整个数字化产品价值链中构思、评估、开发、管理和支持产品，它把企业中多个未连通的产品信息孤岛集成为一个数字记录系统，与ERP、SCRM、CRM一起形成了一个完整的企业信息化协同体系。

PLM系统的目标之一是实现跨越产品生命周期的应用集成，并实现信息的非冗余和一致性管理。大多数CAD系统能很好地和PLM系统集成。和ERP系统集成对PLM也是非常重要的，但大多数PLM系统仅能实现单向数据交换。对CAE系统的集成几平没有令人满意的方案。

大多数PLM系统对CAD、MCAD和ECAD、办公系统、和ERP/MRP系统提供接口，有专门的API，可用C、C++、宏语言、Java语言编程。用标准化的数据格式实现数据交换，如STEP或XMI。对工程应用系统的集成已经达到较好水平，而跟业务伙伴的集成仍显不足。

通过PLM与ERP、MES以及其他运营管理系统的集成，实现统一的产品数据在生命周期不同阶段的共享和利用。

三、企业实施PLM系统能给企业带来什么帮助

实施PLM系统为企业带来以下几个方面的改进：

1、梳理与优化研发管理过程，建立产品生命周期管理体系。通过产品全生命周期管理体系建设，将梳理各单位现有研发管理过程，优化研发管理体系，并在此技术上进行深入与扩展研究，形成企业统一的产品研发、设计、生产制造和运维管理体系，实现企业的统一管控。

2、建立与规范产品资源库，提高知识重用率。通过整理与规范产品数据管理标准，逐渐建立起跨产品全生命周期的产品资源库，实现图文档管理、研发数据管理、产品结构管理、工作流程管理等信息化管理的目标，提高数据管理与重用的效率，进而提高设计与研发效率，改善产品质量。

3、建立协同设计研发环境，提高研发效率，建立电子化的协同设计研发环境，实现电子资源的快速浏览和安全访问；实现协同研发项目管理，提高项目管理的质量与效率；实现设计与工艺的协同，缩短研发时间，提高研发效率。

4、实现数字化产品设计、数字化制造、提高产品质量。在虚拟环境下，通过产品设计、仿真分析与虚拟制造的手段对产品性能及制造过程进行分析优化，减少现实环境中可能发生的问题，提高产品制造一次成功率，降低研发与制造成本。

四、国内外有哪些PLM系统/软件厂商

整体看 PLM 发展趋势，业务向产品全生命周期全面融合，技术向平台、云端、生态化发展。国内 PLM 软件厂商在业务覆盖的全面性、功能深度、技术架构的先进性等方面都与国外巨头存在较大差距。多数国产 PLM 系统，缺少与先进设计模式的融合，难以支撑产品创新正向设计。国外 PLM 系统占据国防军工和高端核心装备行业的绝对优势，国内企业遭遇“卡脖子”的风险极高。

企业可以根据自己的具体需求，所属行业，结合行业里PLM系统使用的现状，选择合适的PLM系统。

翻译：

First, PLM definition and PLM system core functions

Product Life-cycle Management (PLM) : Product lifecycle management. It includes: cultivation period, growth period, maturity period, decline period, end period several stages. product lifecycle management (PLM) is the application of a set of business solutions that enable the collaborative creation, management, dissemination and application of product definition information throughout the product lifecycle within and across enterprises. A strategic business approach that integrates information about people, processes, business systems, and products.

The definition of PLM by industry authorities is: PLM is not only a technology, but also an integrated collection of business solutions; Create, use, manage and share product-related intellectual assets collaboratively; Includes all product/plant definition information such as MCAD, AEC, EDA, ALM analysis, formulas, specifications, product groups, documentation, etc. Also includes all product/plant process definitions such as processes related to planning, design, production, operations, support, retirement, recycling; PLM enables collaboration across the entire product and plant life cycle, from concept design to end of life.

All modern PLM systems are increasingly converging, with standard features including: (1) electronic warehouse management; (2) Document and object management; (3) Release and change management; (4) Product structure management; (5) Configuration management; (6) Parts management; (7) Browsing, annotation and image services; (8) Classification and retrieval; (9) Project management; (10) System management, configuration and customization tools.

PLM systems are generally good at handling data files and database records, such as product configuration, part definition and design data, technical parameter sheets, CAD graphics. The external function of PLM system can realize the collaboration within the enterprise. Most PLM systems can connect to mail servers to provide message services to users; PLM system generally supports project management function; In most cases, PLM systems support process and workflow management.

Second, PLM system and ERP system

Different from other information systems such as ERP, SCM and CRM, PLM is an information system oriented to product innovation, knowledge base management and process optimization. It manages intangible assets of enterprises, adopts knowledge-driven design method to improve product quality, takes product knowledge as strategic wealth of enterprises to treat and make full use of it, and highlights the strategic thought of sustainable development. Support continuous innovation, make full use of the enterprise’s “knowledge” assets, improve the speed of product development and response agility.

PLM, ERP, SCM and CRM are collaborative relationships. The use of PLM services, especially in complex products such as equipment manufacturing, ERP, etc., can be better reflected in their own value. Existing enterprise information systems such as ERP and PLM are not interchangeable. On the contrary, they form a synergistic relationship both at the technical and implementation levels. PLM plays a role in the deployment of the whole collaborative process, and other information systems are the supporting basis.

PLM system fully supports the conception, evaluation, development, management and support of products in the entire digital product value chain, it integrates multiple unconnected product information islands in the enterprise into a digital record system, and forms a complete enterprise information collaborative system together with ERP, SCM and CRM.

One of the goals of PLM systems is to achieve application integration across the product lifecycle and to achieve non-redundant and consistent management of information.

Most CAD systems integrate well with PLM systems. Integration with ERP systems is also very important for PLM, but most PLM systems can only implement one-way data exchange. There is no satisfactory scheme for the integration of CAE system.

Most PLM systems provide interfaces to CAD, MCAD and ECAD, office systems, and ERP/MRP systems, with specialized apis that can be programmed in C, C++, macros, and Java languages. Implement data exchange in a standardized data format, such as STEP or XMI. The integration of engineering application system has reached a good level, but the integration with business partners is still insufficient.

Through the integration of PLM with ERP, MES and other operational management systems, unified product data can be shared and utilized in different stages of the life cycle.

Third, the benefits of implementing PLM system

The implementation of PLM system brings the following improvements to the enterprise:

1. Sort out and optimize the R&D management process, and establish the product life cycle management system. Through the construction of the product lifecycle management system, the existing R & D management process of each unit will be sorted out, the R & D management system will be optimized, and in-depth and expanded research will be conducted on this technology to form a unified product development, design, manufacturing and operation and maintenance management system of the enterprise, so as to achieve unified management and control of the enterprise.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
2. Establish and standardize product resource library to improve knowledge reuse rate. By collating and standardizing product data management standards, a product resource database across the whole life cycle of products is gradually established, and information management goals such as diagram document management, research and development data management, product structure management, and work flow management are realized, so as to improve the efficiency of data management and reuse, thereby improving the efficiency of design and research and development, and improving product quality.
3. Establish a collaborative design R & D environment, improve R & D efficiency, establish an electronic collaborative design R & D environment, and realize quick browsing and secure access to electronic resources; Achieve collaborative R&D project management, improve the quality and efficiency of project management; Realize the collaboration of design and process, shorten R&D time and improve R&D efficiency.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
4. To achieve digital product design, digital manufacturing, improve product quality. In the virtual environment, the product performance and manufacturing process are analyzed and optimized by means of product design, simulation analysis and virtual manufacturing, so as to reduce the problems that may occur in the real environment, improve the success rate of product manufacturing, and reduce the R & D and manufacturing costs.

Fourth, the domestic and foreign PLM system manufacturers

Looking at the overall development trend of PLM, the business is fully integrated into the whole life cycle of products. And the technology is developing into platform, cloud, and ecological. There is a big gap between domestic PLM software manufacturers and foreign giants in the comprehensiveness of business coverage. The depth of functions, and the advanced nature of technical architecture. Most domestic PLM systems, lack of integration with advanced design mode, it is difficult to support product innovation forward design. Foreign PLM systems occupy the absolute advantage of the defense military industry and high-end core equipment industry, and domestic enterprises are at high risk of “stuck neck”.

Enterprises can choose the appropriate PLM system according to their specific needs, their industry, and the status quo of PLM system use in the industry.

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