业务分析师通过数据分析帮助指导企业改进流程、产品、服务和软件。这些敏捷的员工跨越了 IT 和业务之间的界限，以帮助弥合差距并提高效率。

一、什么是业务分析师？

业务分析师 （BA） 负责弥合 IT 与业务之间的差距，使用数据分析来评估流程、确定需求并向高管和利益相关者提供数据驱动的建议和报告。

BA 与业务领导者和用户互动，了解数据驱动的流程、产品、服务、软件和硬件变更如何提高效率并增加价值。他们必须阐明这些想法，但也要平衡它们与技术上可行的以及财务和功能上合理的内容。根据角色的不同，业务分析师可能会使用数据集来改进产品、硬件、工具、软件、服务或流程。

非营利性专业协会国际商业分析研究所（IIBA）认为商业分析师是“变革的推动者”，他写道，商业分析“是一种向组织引入和管理变革的纪律方法，无论他们是营利性企业，政府还是非营利组织。

二、业务分析师职位描述

BA 负责通过与财务和 IT 团队密切合作，建立旨在提高收入和/或优化成本的计划和战略，从而创建支持业务决策的新模型。根据Robert Half Technology的说法，业务分析师需要“对监管和报告要求的深刻理解，以及在预测，预算和财务分析方面的丰富经验，以及对关键绩效指标的理解”。

根据Robert Half的说法，业务分析师的职位描述通常包括以下职责：

• 创建详细的业务分析，以概述企业的问题、机会和解决方案
• 预算和预测
• 规划和监控
• 方差分析
• 定价
• 报告
• 定义业务需求并将其报告给利益相关者数字化转型网szhzxw.cn

业务分析师的任务是确定技术和功能需求的优先级，确定客户的需求，并确定交付的可行性。它需要深入了解系统，它们如何运作，谁需要参与，以及让每个人都参与的必要步骤。

业务分析师的角色在不断发展和变化，尤其是当公司越来越依赖数据来为业务运营提供建议时。每家公司都有业务分析师可以解决的不同问题，无论是处理过时的遗留系统、不断变化的技术、破碎的流程、糟糕的客户或客户满意度，还是孤立的大型组织。

三、业务分析师技能

业务分析师职位需要硬技能和软技能。业务分析师需要知道如何提取、分析和报告数据趋势，与他人共享该信息，并将其应用于业务目标和需求。并非所有业务分析师都需要 IT 背景，如果他们对系统、产品和工具的工作原理有大致的了解。或者，一些业务分析师具有强大的 IT 背景和较少的业务经验，但有兴趣从 IT 转移到这种混合角色。该角色通常充当组织的业务和 IT 方面之间的沟通者，因此在任一领域拥有丰富的经验都可能对业务分析师有益。

根据IIBA的说法，业务分析师的一些最重要的技能和经验是：

• 口头和书面沟通技巧
• 人际关系和咨询技巧
• 促进技能
• 分析思维和解决问题的能力
• 注重细节，能够提供高水平的准确性
• 组织能力
• 业务结构知识
• 利益相关者分析
• 需求工程
• 成本效益分析
• 流程建模
• 了解网络、数据库和其他技术

要更深入地了解成功成为业务分析师所需的条件，请参阅“精英业务分析师的 5 个基本特征”。

四、业务分析师工资

根据PayScale的数据，IT业务分析师的平均年薪为73,655美元。收入最高的BA在纽约，那里的平均工资比全国平均水平高出16%。华盛顿特区位居第二，报告的工资比全国平均水平高出 12%;休斯顿排名第三，年薪高出4%。

PayScale提供属于业务分析师类别的类似职位的数据。各种业务分析师工作的平均工资如下：

有些技能的需求量比其他技能更高，有可能提高你的薪水。根据Payscale的说法，这些技能与更高的业务分析师薪水有关。这些技能以及它们可以提高您的薪水的金额包括：

有关提高薪水的提示，请参阅“业务分析师可以采取的 7 个步骤来赚取更多收入”。

五、业务分析师认证

尽管业务分析是IT中相对较新的学科，但少数组织已经提供认证，以帮助提升您的简历并证明您作为分析师的优点。IIBA，IQBBA，IREB和PMI等组织都为业务分析提供自己的定制认证。其中包括：

• IIBA商业分析入门证书（ECBA）
• IIBA商业分析能力认证（CCBA）
• IIBA认证业务分析专家（CBAP）
• IIBA敏捷分析认证（AAC）
• IQBBA认证基础级业务分析师（CFLBA）
• IREB 需求工程认证专家 （CPRE）
• PMI商业分析专业（PBA）
• 认证分析专家 （CAP）

有关如何获得这些认证之一及其费用的更多信息，请参阅“提升职业生涯的最佳业务分析师认证”。

六、业务分析师培训

虽然实践和有抱负的业务分析师可以通过多种方式接受该学科的培训，但两种流行的途径是业务分析师训练营和商业分析师硕士课程。

与旨在证明您已经拥有的技能的认证不同，新兵训练营旨在教您新技能或提高您当前的技能。新兵训练营可以是在几天内举行的传统研讨会，也可以是一次运行数周或数月的成熟的讲师指导课程。无论您喜欢哪种学习方式，您都可以找到适合您需求的训练营。

课程通常以面对面和在线方式提供;或者，您的组织可能会为公司带来一个新兵训练营，以举办为期四天的研讨会。一些新兵训练营是免费的，而另一些则需要订阅费或一次性费用，从 100 美元到 2,500 美元不等，具体取决于计划。它们都旨在提供实践经验并帮助您建立简历和作品集——有些甚至提供职业指导和指导。

要找到适合您的日程安排、预算和技能组合的业务分析师训练营，请参阅“面向业务分析师的 10 个新兵训练营”。

如果你有计算机科学或商业学位，你可能想看看商业分析硕士。确切地说，你去攻读什么类型的学位取决于你想在哪个领域工作，但有很多课程旨在为你提供正式的商业分析师教育。

七、业务分析工具和软件

业务分析师通常依赖于Microsoft Excel，Microsoft PowerPoint，Microsoft Access，SQL，Google Analytics和Tableau等软件。这些工具可帮助BA收集和排序数据，创建图形，编写文档并设计可视化来解释结果。您不一定需要编程或数据库技能才能担任业务分析师职位，但如果您已经具备这些技能，它们不会受到伤害。您需要使用的软件和工具的类型将取决于您的职位和组织的要求。

有关业务分析师的更多信息：

• 提升职业生涯的最佳业务分析师认证
• 什么是业务分析？使用数据改善业务成果
• 精英业务分析师的5个基本特征
• 6个业务分析师简历提示
• 业务分析师可以采取的 7 个步骤来赚取更多收入
• ECBA认证：业务分析师的入门级证书
• CBAP 认证：业务分析师备受瞩目的证书

英文原文：

What is a business analyst? A key role for business-IT efficiency

Business analyst help guide businesses in improving processes, products, services, and software through data analysis. These agile workers straddle the line between IT and the business to help bridge the gap and improve efficiency.

What is a business analyst?

Business analysts (BAs) are responsible for bridging the gap between IT and the business using data analytics to assess processes, determine requirements, and deliver data-driven recommendations and reports to executives and stakeholders.

BAs engage with business leaders and users to understand how data-driven changes to process, products, services, software, and hardware can improve efficiencies and add value. They must articulate those ideas but also balance them against what’s technologically feasible and financially and functionally reasonable. Depending on the role, a business analyst might work with data sets to improve products, hardware, tools, software, services, or process.

The International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA), a nonprofit professional association, considers the business analyst “an agent of change,” writing that business analysis “is a disciplined approach for introducing and managing change to organizations, whether they are for-profit businesses, governments, or non-profits.”

Business analyst job description

BAs are responsible for creating new models that support business decisions by working closely with finance and IT teams to establish initiatives and strategies aimed at improving revenue and/or optimizing costs. Business analysts need a “strong understanding of regulatory and reporting requirements as well as plenty of experience in forecasting, budgeting, and financial analysis combined with understanding of key performance indicators,” according to Robert Half Technology.

According to Robert Half, a business analyst’s job description typically includes the following responsibilities:

• Creating a detailed business analysis in an effort to outline problems, opportunities, and solutions for a business
• Budgeting and forecasting
• Planning and monitoring
• Variance analysis
• Pricing
• Reporting
• Defining business requirements and reporting them back to stakeholders

Business analysts are tasked with prioritizing technical and functional requirements, identifying what clients want, and determining what is feasible to deliver. It requires a deep understanding of systems, how they function, who will need to be involved, and the necessary steps to get everyone on board.  

The role of a business analyst is constantly evolving and changing — especially as companies rely more on data to advise business operations. Every company has different issues that a business analyst can address, whether it’s dealing with outdated legacy systems, changing technologies, broken processes, poor client or customer satisfaction, or siloed large organizations.

Business analyst skills

The business analyst position requires both hard skills and soft skills. Business analysts need to know how to pull, analyze and report data trends, share that information with others, and apply it to business goals and needs. Not all business analysts need a background in IT if they have a general understanding of how systems, products, and tools work. Alternatively, some business analysts have a strong IT background and less experience in business but are interested in shifting away from IT into this hybrid role. The role often acts as a communicator between the business and IT sides of the organization, so having extensive experience in either area can be beneficial for business analysts.

According to the IIBA, some of the most important skills and experience for a business analyst are:

• Oral and written communication skills
• Interpersonal and consultative skills
• Facilitation skills
• Analytical thinking and problem solving
• Being detail-oriented and capable of delivering a high level of accuracy
• Organizational skills
• Knowledge of business structure
• Stakeholder analysis
• Requirements engineering
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Processes modeling
• Understanding of networks, databases, and other technology

For a more in-depth look at what it takes to succeed as a business analyst, see “5 essential traits of elite business analysts.”

Business analyst salary

The average salary for an IT business analyst is $73,655 per year, according to data from PayScale. The highest paid BAs are in New York, where the average salary is 16% higher than the national average. Washington, D.C., is second, with reported salaries 12% higher than the national average; Houston comes in third, with a 4% higher annual pay.

PayScale offers data on similar job titles that fall under the category of business analyst. The average salaries for various business analyst jobs are as follows:

Some skills are in higher demand than others, with the potential to boost your salary. According to Payscale, these skills are associated with higher business analyst salaries. These skills, and the amount they can boost your salary, includes:

For tips on boosting your salary, see “7 steps business analysts can take to earn more.”

Business analyst certifications

Although business analysis is a relatively new discipline in IT, a handful of organizations already offer certifications to help boost your resume and prove your merit as an analyst. Organizations such as the IIBA, IQBBA, IREB, and PMI each offer their own tailored certifications for business analysis. These include:

• IIBA Entry Certificate in Business Analysis (ECBA)
• IIBA Certification of Competency in Business Analysis (CCBA)
• IIBA Certified Business Analysis Professional (CBAP)
• IIBA Agile Analysis Certification (AAC)
• IQBBA Certified Foundation Level Business Analyst (CFLBA)
• IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE)
• PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
• Certified Analytics Professional (CAP)

For more information about how to earn one of these certifications — and how much they cost — see “Best business analyst certifications to level up your career.”

Business analyst training

While there are a number of ways that practicing and aspiring business analysts can train up on the discipline, two popular paths are business analyst boot camps and business analyst master’s programs.

Unlike certifications, which are designed to prove the skills you already have, boot camps are designed to teach you new skills or improve your current skillset. Boot camps can be anything from traditional workshops held over the course of a few days or full-fledged, instructor-led courses that run for weeks or months at a time. No matter what your preferred learning style is, you can find a boot camp to suit your needs.

Courses are often offered both in-person and online; alternatively, your organization might bring a boot camp to the company to run a four-day workshop. Some boot camps are free, while others require a subscription fee or a one-time fee that ranges from $100 to $2,500, depending on the program. They’re all designed to give hands-on experience and help you build your resume and portfolio — some even offer career guidance and mentorship.

To find a business analyst boot camp that will fit your schedule, budget and skillset, see “10 boot camps for business analysts.”

If you have a computer science or business degree, you might want to look at a master’s in business analysis. Exactly what type of degree you go for will depend on what area of BA or IT you want to work in, but there are plenty of programs designed to give you a formal business analyst education.

Business analytics tools and software

Business analysts typically rely on software such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Access, SQL, Google Analytics, and Tableau. These tools help BAs collect and sort data, create graphs, write documents, and design visualizations to explain the findings. You won’t necessarily need programming or database skills for a business analyst position, but if you already have these skills, they won’t hurt. The type of software and tools you’ll need to use will depend on your job title and what the organization requires.

More on business analysts:

• Best business analyst certifications to level up your career
• What is business analytics? Using data to improve business outcomes
• 5 essential traits of elite business analysts
• 6 business analyst resume tips
• 7 steps business analysts can take to earn more
• ECBA certification: An entry-level credential for business analysts
• CBAP certification: A high-profile credential for business analysts

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